Social Networking An Overview

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

IN MANAGEMENT & SOCIAL SCIENCE

Volume 2, Issue 3 (III)

Empyreal Institute of Higher Education July - September, 2014

Guwahati

empyreal.co

ISSN 2322 - 0899

Volume 2 , Issue 3 ( III ) : July - September 2014

Chief Patron Shree Zahirul Alam Ahmed

Director, Empyreal Institute of Higher Education.

President , Bhramaputra Welfare Organization

Editor- In-Chief Dr. Tazyn Rahman

Dean ( Academics )

Jaipuria Institute , Indirapuram , Ghaziabad

Members of Editorial Advisory Board

Dr. Alka Agarwal

Director,

Mewar Institute, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad

Mr. Nakibur Rahman

Former General Manager ( Project )

Bongaigoan Refinery, IOC Ltd, Assam

Dr. D. K. Pandey

Director,

Unique Institute of Management & Technology,

Meerut

Dr. Anindita

Associate Professor,

Jaipuria Institute , Indirapuram,

Ghaziabad

Dr. Namita Dixit

Assistant Professor,

Jaipuria Institute , Indirapuram , Ghaziabad

Dr. Pranjal Sharma

Associate Professor, Department of Management

Mile Stone Institute of Higher Management,

Ghaziabad

Dr. Neetu Singh

HOD, Department of Biotechnology,

Mewar Institute , Vasundhara, Ghaziabad

Dr. Sarmistha Sarma

Associate Professor,

Institute of Innovation in Technology and Management

null

Dr. V. Tulasi Das

Assistant Professor,

Acharya Nagarjuna University

Mr. Sukhvinder Singh

Assistant Professor,

Institute of Innovation in Technology and Management

Dr. Nurul Fadly Habidin

Faculty of Management and Economics,

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia

Ms. Shivani Dixit

Assistant Professor,

Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad

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The views expressed in the articles are those of the contributors and not necessarily of the Editorial Board or the Institute. Although every care has been taken to avoid errors or omissions, this publication is being published on the condition and understanding that information given in this journal is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editors and publishers, who do not owe any responsibility for any damage or loss to any person, for the result of any action taken on the basis of this work. All disputes are subject to Guwahati jurisdiction only.

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BRAND EQUITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY – CONCEPTS AND

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Prabhat Kumar Bhaskar and Dr. Kumar Alok Pratap

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A STUDY OF CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN ORGANIZED RETAIL (WITH

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SOCIAL NETWORKING: AN OVERVIEW

Dr. Kanchan Kamila and Sangita Bhattacharjee University Librarian, The University of Burdwan MLIS Student, IGNOU Study Centre, Kolkata

ABSTRACT Social networking on the Internet was started in late 1990s specifically in 1997. According to Wikipedia the active social networking sites are more than 170. It is a service of Web 2 technology. This is a web-based service that allows individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system for uploading of video and audio files, photos and sharing of the same, discussion forums/electronic bulletin boards, blogs, chat rooms, instant messenger, e-mail, or private messaging, and many more and concluded that social networking sites have a great impact on library and information services. Through these sites Library and information Centres can share the needed information as well as disseminate the information to its valued users on demand.

Keywords: SixDegrees, MySpace, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube, aNobil

1 HISTORY OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

The socialising activities on the Internet were started in 1997 with SixDegrees, which allowed users to create their profiles and friends list. Early social network sites tended to have a business or dating focus, with the rise of more general sites. Since then the different Internet sites provide different facilities to communicate with known and unknown people. The advancement in Web technologies and its application allowed users to invent new modes to communicate with their near and dear ones as and when they want. The time line of social networks or networking along with their advancement in applications can be glimpsed as under:

 1978-  Bulletin board services and EIES (Electronic Information Exchange Service)  Server-Based  1995  Classmate  Web-based  Purpose for users to tie up with former schoolmates  1997  SixDegree  Focus on indirect ties, much more interactive with the public  1999-  Epinions  Circle of Friends founded trust-based and friendship-based  More control over the content and connectivity with the users  Enable external application to be used  2002-  Friendster founded  MySpace founded (2003)  Orkut founded (2004)  Facebook founded (2004)  Yahoo!360 founded (2005)  Various SNS had adapted different languages and became a method of business strategy 1, There is a huge increase in the use of social networking sites. The numbers of social networking sites are numerous, as per the Wikipedia 4 the active social networking sites are more than 170. Some of the Internet sites are inducing users to create their own social networking sites.

2 SOCIAL NETWORKING DEFINED The initiation of web 2 tools and techniques resulted in a number of services and ideas; notable among them is social networking. Van Zyle points out that “social networking, incorporating web 2 technologies, has been

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 Communities of interest (e. travel, food, hobbies)  Fantasy communities (e. imaginary online environments, role playing). 7

These are the characteristics of social networking sites and out of these characteristics some social networking sites may have or may not have certain characteristics:

 Communities for social good (e. charity, spiritual growth, personal empowerment, support for people with disabilities).  Users can create their own detailed profiles.  Users can search for other profiles, and people they should connect with.  People can make meaningful relationships.  People can share their photographs, videos, and other media.  One of the main characteristics of social networking websites is linking all your contacts and the ability of your friends to link with them.  Site places an emphasis on the profiles, and the relationship. 8  Social networking sites allow people to create and join online networks and communities.  One of the defining characteristics of social networking is the ability to create a profile or digital representation of oneself, which lists information ranging from age and gender to educational background, employment, and hobbies.  Social networks often allow users to write blogs; set a brief status message, and upload media, including photos and videos. 9  The “networking” aspect of social networking derives from the ability to link your profile to other individuals’ profiles. Usually referred to as “friends” or “connections,” these links between profiles allow social networking users to construct their own personal community of family, friends, colleagues and even strangers who may share similar interests.  It can allow an individual to find others with the same interests such as dates or other social purposes such as hobbies.  It can maintain pre-existing social connections.  It can result in even stronger relationships than face-to-face contact because online interactions can generate more self-disclosures and fostered deeper personal questions without offending the other.  Many online relationships eventually result in real world cxontact. 10

4 BENEFITS There are a number of benefits associated with social networking. They are:

 Provides creators with a global list of contacts, and multi level contacts through the first level of contacts.  Brings people together to communicate, learn and share  Brings together people with similar interests  Forms a platform to moot and regulate ideas  Provides a flow of information dissemination  Assists in creating online resources  Accelerates the process of knowledge dissemination  Cost-effective marketing tool

Keeping the popularity and impact of such social networking in mind and to experiment with the available technologies in mind and to experiment with the available technologies to advance the symposium, the organizing committee decided to start a social networking site for the symposium.

5 APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN LIBRARIES  Libraries can create a page to reach to new users

 Social networking could enable librarians and patrons not only to interact, but to share and change resources dynamically in an electronic medium

 For building network among the interested group in discussing the common interest

 User content can be added to the library catalogue, including users book reviews or other comments

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6 SOCIAL NETWORKING SERVICES

The current range of social networking services are available in two formats. Users’ Profiles Based and Content Based Networking Services.

Users’ Profile Based Social Networking Services: These are primarily organised around members’ profile pages

• that mainly consist of information about an individual member, including the person’s picture and details of interests, likes and dislikes etc. Bebo, Facebook and MySpace are some examples of Users’ profile-based services.

Content-Based Social Networking Services: In these services, the users’ profiles remain an important way of organising connections, but play a secondary role to the posting of content. Photo-sharing site Flickr is an example of this type of service. Shelfari is one of the current crop of book-focused sites, with the member’s “bookshelf” being a focal point of each member’s profile. Other examples of content-based communities include YouTube for video sharing and last for listening music.

Beside these, White-label Social Networking Services: Most of the social networking services offer some group-building functionality, which allow users to form mini-communities within sites. Websites such as PeopleAggregator and Ning offer users the opportunity to create and join communities. Users can create their own “mini-MySpaces” small-scale social networking sites that support specific interests, events or activities. Setting up and running a social networking service increases the responsibility and liability of the creator or host for on-site activity.

7 DIFFERENT TOOLS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

7 Communication Tool

MySpace If you want to go where the students are, one of the best places to find them is MySpace. Other libraries have taken advantage of this site’s calendar and blog features to improve their presence. With a little help from your IT department, you can also include custom catalog search tools.

Facebook It is also a social media site frequented by students, Facebook is librarian friendly. You’ll find a group just for librarian-centric Facebook apps, a JSTOR search, and much more. Mark Zuckerberg, inventer of Facebook intended to creat a website which emulates MYSpace but designed exclusively for students. What followed on from there was beyond his expectations. With a tagline that states “giving people the power to share and make the world more open and connected. Facebook has 400 million active users in 2010 was initially created as a communication tool for students has now emerged as a powerful global marketing and communication tool. It is now used by many individuals as well as non-governmental organizations, businesses and educational institutes. Businesses, non-profits, government offices and celebrities use facebook pages to disseminate information, forming an ever-growing simulacrum of the web within facebook’s walls.

Meebo Network and assist students on Meebo, no matter what IM client they use. You can even embed a chat screen on any webpage using this tutorial.

Linkedin This social networking site for professionals is a great way to get library patrons connected with the people that can help them find information. Whether that’s you, faculty, authors, historians, or other sources, they can find them in your LinkedIn network.

Twitter Use Twitter, a microblogging application, to keep staff and patrons updated on daily activities, like frequently updated collections, or even just scheduling.

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Del.icio With this social bookmarking tool, you can create a custom directory for library patrons. Teach them to search by your tags, and it will be easy to find useful Internet research links.

Netvibes In Netvibes’ new Ginger beta, you can create a public page that can be viewed by anyone. You can use it to help guide patrons to helpful Internet sources, news feeds, and more. It can be integrated with many of the tools like Flickr and library blogs.

Connotea Connotea is a great reference tool, allowing you to save and organize reference links and share them with others. They can be accessed from any computer and offer integration with lots of other tools.

LibraryThing This social cataloguing network is great for librarians, and you can catalog along with Amazon, the Library of Congress, and more than 200 other libraries around the world. You’ll get recommendations and easy tagging as well.

lib.rario Another social cataloguing site, you can put media such as books, CDs, and journals on display for easy access and tracking.

8 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that social networking sites have a great impact on library and information services. Through these sites Library and information Centres can share the needed information as well as disseminate the information to its valued users on demand.

REFERENCES

1. tt05gp3.blogspot/2008/07/timeline-of-sns.html.

2. nfistudios/blog/2007/06/21/a-brief-history-of-social-networking-sites.

3. Balwani, Samir on August 4, 2008 leftthebox/marketing/what-is-what-social-media-social- sharing/What is What? Social Networking, Social Media, Social Sharing.

4. Boyd, D., and Ellison, N. 2007. Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), article 11. jcmc.indiana/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html.

5. Guide to online social networking for military families. 2008. militaryonesource/portals/0/aspx/material_getpdf.ashx?MaterialID=16113&MaterialTypeI D=16.

6. Ibid.

7. List of social networking websites. en.wikipedia/wiki/List_of_social_networking_Websites.

8. Office of Communication, UK. 2008. Networking: A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviours, and use. ofcom.org.

9. Shock, Dr. 2009. Are facebook users different? shockmd/2009/02/17/are-facebook-users- different/

10. Stine, Stephen and Poje, Joshua. 2009. The good, the bad and the ugly of blogging, microblogging and social networking for public lawyers. abanet/tech/ltrc/publications/socialnetworkingpubliclawyers.html.