Effects of Biochar Addition on Form and Loss of Nitrogen in Composting Pig Manure
-
摘要:
目的 探讨生物炭添加下猪粪堆肥过程氮素形态的变化，为堆肥过程中氮素损失控制提供科学依据。 方法 本研究利用强制反应箱研究在猪粪堆肥中添加0%、3%、6%和9%的生物炭（重量比，干基计）对氮素形态变化以及氮素损失的影响。 结果 各处理在堆肥过程中全氮和硝态氮含量呈上升趋势，至堆肥结束全氮含量增加了3.68%～5.43%；可溶性总氮和铵态氮呈先上升后下降的趋势，随着生物炭添加量的提高堆料中铵态氮降幅减小。不同堆肥处理氮素损失率介于20.69%～28.18%，3%和6%生物炭添加处理的氨挥发量分别比未添加生物炭处理的高8.98%和46.30%，而9%生物炭添加处理的氮素损失率和氨挥发量最低。 结论 猪粪堆肥过程中添加生物炭可使堆体快速升温，并延长高温期，堆料中铵态氮向硝态氮转化。硝态氮含量随生物炭添加量呈增加的趋势，氮素损失率随着发酵时间延长呈增加的趋势。 -
关键词:
- 生物炭 /
- 猪粪堆肥 /
- 氮损失 /
- 氨挥发
Abstract:Objective Changes on the form and loss of nitrogen (N) in pig manure due to the addition of biochar during composting were investigated. Method In a forced ventilation reaction box, effects of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% addition of biochar (on a dry weight basis) on N in composting pig manure were determined. Result With the biochar addition, the total N and nitrate in the compost increased with time. The total N increased 3.68% to 5.43% by the end of the fermentation process, whereas, the total soluble and ammonium N increased initially and then declined afterward. Increasing biochar mitigated the decline on ammonium N. The rates of N loss by the treatments ranged from 20.69% to 28.18%. At 3% and 6% biochar addition, the ammonia volatilization on the compost were 8.98% and 46.30%, respectively, which were higher than without the addition. On the other hand, 9% of biochar produced the lowest N loss and ammonia volatilization. Conclusion In the pig manure composting, the addition of biochar rapidly heated up the heap and maintained a high temperature for an extended period facilitating the fermentation and conversion of ammonia into nitrate. Increased biochar addition also promoted the nitrate formation. However, the presence of biochar in compost caused greater loss on N as the fermentation progressed. -
Key words:
- biochar /
- pig manure compost /
- nitrogen loss /
- ammonia volatilization
-
图 1 不同处理温度的动态变化
注：CK代表堆肥期间的空气温度。
Figure 1. Changes on temperature under various composting treatments
Note:CK denotes the environmental temperature during the composting.
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 2 不同处理全氮含量的变化
Figure 2. Changes on total N under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 3 不同堆肥处理可溶性总氮的变化
Figure 3. Changes on dissolved N under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 4 不同堆肥处理硝态氮含量的变化
Figure 4. Changes on nitrate N under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 5 不同堆肥处理铵态氮含量的变化
Figure 5. Changes on ammonium N under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 6 不同堆肥处理干物质失重率的变化
Figure 6. Changes on dry weight loss ratio under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 7 不同堆肥处理氮损失率的变化
Figure 7. Changes on nitrogen loss rate under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
图 8 不同处理氨气排放量的变化
Figure 8. Changes on ammonia emission under various composting treatments
下载:
全尺寸图片
幻灯片
表 1 供试材料的基本性质
Table 1. Basic properties of test materials
原料 Materials 有机碳 Organic carbon/（g·kg−1） 全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg−1） C/N 全磷 Total phosphorus/（g·kg−1） pH 猪粪 Pig manure 289.2 17.1 16.91 19.5 7.23 菌渣 Mushroom residues 320.1 14.1 22.70 11.9 7.73 生物炭 Biochar 566.1 10.2 55.50 2.5 9.31
下载:
参考文献(26) [1] 李波, 叶菁, 刘岑薇, 等. 生物炭添加对猪粪堆肥过程碳素转化与损失的影响 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2017, 37(9):3511−3518.LI B, YE J, LIU C W, et al. Effects of biochar addition on carbon transformation during composting of pig manure [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(9): 3511−3518.(in Chinese) [2] 黄向东, 韩志英, 石德智, 等. 畜禽粪便堆肥过程中氮素的损失与控制 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(1):247−254.HUANG X D, HAN Z Y, SHI D Z, et al. Nitrogen loss and its control during livestock manure composting [J]. Chinese Jounal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(1): 247−254.(in Chinese) [3] 姜继韶. 猪粪秸秆高温堆肥添加剂的选择及其保氮机理的研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012.JIANG J S. Study on Selection and Mechanism of Nitrogenconservation Additives Duning Swine Manure-straw Composts[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2012. (in Chinese) [4] 黄向东, 薛冬. 添加竹炭对猪粪堆肥过程中升温脱水及氮素损失的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(4):1057−1062.HUANG X D, XUE D. Effects of bamboo biochar addition on temperature rising, dehydration and nitrogen loss during pig manure composting [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(4): 1057−1062.(in Chinese) [5] 贾兴永. 生物炭及翻堆频率对鸡粪堆肥过程中温室气体排放的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.JIA X Y. The Effect of biochar addition and turning frequency on greenhouse gas emissions in chicken manure composting[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese) [6] DELAUNE P B, MOORE P A, DANIEL T C, et al. Effect of chemical and microbial amendments on ammonia volatilization from composting poultry litter [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2004, 33: 728−734. doi: 10.2134/jeq2004.7280 [7] 胡进福. 畜禽粪便堆肥化过程中氮素损失的控制[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2010.HU J F. The Control of nitrogen loss in composting of livestock manure[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese) [8] 解秋, 王敏, 张旭辉, 等. 木醋液-生物质炭基肥对玉米苗期生长及氮素利用率的影响 [J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(5):1165−1169.XIE Q, WANG M, ZHANG X H, et al. Effect of wood vinegar-biochar as base fertilizers on the growth and nitrogen utilization of maize at seeding stage [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2018, 49(5): 1165−1169.(in Chinese) [9] 候月卿, 赵立欣, 孟海波, 等. 生物炭和腐植酸类对猪粪堆肥重金属的钝化效果 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(11):205−215. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.026HOU Y Q, ZHAO L X, MENG H B, et al. Passivating effect of biochar and humic acid materials on heavy metals during composting of pig manure [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(11): 205−215.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.026 [10] 张广杰. 添加不同比例橡木炭对猪粪好氧堆肥的影响研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014.ZHANG G J. Effect of different propootions of oak charcoal on composting of pig manure with rice husk under aerobic conditions[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2014. (in Chinese) [11] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社. 1999. [12] 李艳春, 黄毅斌, 王成己, 等. 不同C/N比对双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程温室气体排放的影响 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(Z2):279−284. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.039LI Y C, HUANG Y B, WANG C J, et al. Effects of different C/N ratios on greenhouse gases emissions and carbon and nitrogen conversion during composting of cultural materials of A. bisporus [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(Z2): 279−284.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.039 [13] 喻其林. 鸡粪好氧堆肥氨氧化霉菌的筛选及生物学特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2010.YU Q L. Screening and biological characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing molds in aerobic chicken manure composting[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese) [14] 魏彦红. 腐熟菌剂不同接种量及锯末对牛粪高温堆肥的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2012.WEI Y H. Effect of Different quantities of microbial agent and sawdust on cow dung high temperature composting[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2012. (in Chinese) [15] 刘立, 张朝升, 赵美花. 生物炭对好氧堆肥化处理影响的研究进展 [J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41(9):170−175, 182.LIU L, ZHANG C S, ZHAO M H. Impacts of biochar on aerobic composting: a review [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 41(9): 170−175, 182.(in Chinese) [16] 李忠徽, 王旭东. 不同发酵辅料下牛粪腐解过程温度和养分的变化规律 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(3):471−477. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.03.010LI Z H, WANG X D. Changes of temperature and nutrients in cow dung with different amendments during composting process [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(3): 471−477.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.03.010 [17] 徐路魏, 王旭东. 生物质炭对蔬菜废弃物堆肥化过程氮素转化的影响 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(6):1160−1166. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2016.06.019XU L W, WANG X D. Effect of biochar on nitrogen transformation in vegetable wastes during composting [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(6): 1160−1166.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11654/jaes.2016.06.019 [18] 李冰, 王昌全, 江连强, 等. 有机辅料对猪粪堆肥中氨气挥发的抑制效应及其影响因素分析 [J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(5):987−993. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2008.05.027LI B, WANG C Q, JIANG L Q, et al. Inhibitory effect of auxiliary organic materials on ammonia volatilization in composting and the influencing factors [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(5): 987−993.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2008.05.027 [19] 王子超. 消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥的研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2011.WANG Z C. Study on forced aerated composting of digested sewage sludge and maize straw[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2011. (in Chinese) [20] 孙岩. 生物炭和木醋液对鸡粪堆肥中养分与微生物量碳、氮的影响[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2017.SUN Y. Effects of Biochar and pyroligneous on nutrient and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in chicken manure compost[D]. Harbin : Northeast Agricultural University, 2017(in Chinese). [21] STEINER C, DAS K C, MELEAR N. Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar [J]. Journal of environmental quality, 2010, 39(4): 1236−1242. doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0337 [22] 鲍艳宇, 周启星, 娄翼来, 等. 奶牛粪好氧堆肥过程中不同含碳有机物的变化特征以及腐熟评价 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(11):2111−2116.BAO Y Y, ZHOU Q X, LOU Y L, et al. Change patterns of different carbon-containing compounds in dairy manure during its aerobic composting and assessment of composting maturity [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(11): 2111−2116.(in Chinese) [23] 王卫平, 朱凤香, 陈晓旸, 等. 添加砻糠对猪粪堆肥发酵层温度及氮素变化的影响 [J]. 浙江农业学报, 2009, 21(6):579−582. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2009.06.010WANG W P, ZHU F X, CHEN X S, et al. Effect of rice chaff with different additional amount on the changes of nitrogen and temperature in pig manure composting [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2009, 21(6): 579−582.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2009.06.010 [24] 刘国涛, 夏璇, 李蕾, 等. 生物炭对有机废物好氧堆肥化过程的影响研究进展 [J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(4):1523−1526.LIU G T, XIA X, LI L, et al. Research advances of the influence of biochar on the aerobic constitution process of the organic wastes [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(4): 1523−1526.(in Chinese) [25] 付祥峰, 刘琪琪, 李恋卿, 等. 生物质炭对猪粪堆肥过程中氮素转化及温室气体排放的影响 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(9):1893−1900. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2017-0182FU X F, LIU Q Q, LI L Q, et al. Effects of biochar on nitrogen transformation and greenhouse gas emissions during swine manure composting [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(9): 1893−1900.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11654/jaes.2017-0182 [26] EGHBALL B, WIENHOLD B J, GILLEY J E, et al. Mineralization of manure nutrients [J]. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 2002, 57(6): 470−473. 相关文章施引文献资源附件(0) 
点击查看大图
图(8) / 表(2)计量
- 文章访问数: 1483
- HTML全文浏览量: 660
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
摘要
HTML全文
