高校酒店管理论文 店管理类论文.doc 7页

高校酒店管理论文酒店管理类论文 高职院校酒店管理专业顶岗实习问题及对策研究 　　摘要：随着世界经济一体化的不断深入，酒店管理专业高等职业教育逐渐成为与市场、生产劳动联系最密切的职业教育之一。大力发展酒店管理专业也是振兴国家经济、促进第三产业发展、增强服务业服务能力的战略选择。运用抽样调查调查法，以沈阳职业技术学院酒店管理专业顶岗实习的现状与问题进行深入剖析，并提出相应的解决方案，为高等职业院校酒店管理专业人才的培训培养提供对策支持。　　关键词：高职院校；酒店管理；顶岗实习；对策研究　　　　酒店管理专业高等职业教育是以培养酒店管理类应用型人才为根本任务、以满足社会对酒店类综合应用型人才的需求为目的的酒店类高素质技能型人才的培养方式。作为国家针对高等职业教育的改革与发展提出的一项重大举措，顶岗实习是全面落实素质教育、遵循教育规律的必然要求，是酒店管理专业高等职业院校教育教学改革和发展的必然选择、是培养具备专业技能水平和实际应用能力的高素质综合型人才的必经之路，是适应现代社会就业和市场经济发展需要的必要选择。　　尽管近年来高等职业教育的改革与发展得到国家的日益重视，但现行高等职业教育教学中却存在着与就业需求不直接相关、只注重理论知识的获得而非实践操作能力的锻炼等现象。高等职业院校作为职业教育人才培养的基地，肩负着向社会输送各级各类人才的重任，而培养学生实践应用能力的顶岗实习环节在教学中又占有极其重要的地位，因此高等职业院校学生顶岗实习工作开展的效果影响着高等职业院校人才培养计划的实施，对学校和社会的发展起着关键作用。　　一、酒店管理专业顶岗实习存在的问题　　目前，对全国职业教育顶岗实习覆盖范围尚无全面的统计数据，只能根据已有抽样调查进行估算。常规的研究方法是将专业对口率和简单流水线实习岗位比例作为评价指标来评估酒店管理专业顶岗实习的质量。本文运用抽样调查法对沈阳职业技术学院酒店管理专业顶岗实习的现状进行调研与分析。　　通过对沈阳职业技术学院酒店管理专业参加顶岗实习学生的访谈，能够了解到实习生通过学校的教学实习和教育见习，掌握了扎实的酒店管理学术性学科的理论知识和专业技能知识，为他们的顶岗实习奠定了基础。但与此同时，顶岗实习在实际操作中，也存在着许多问题和弊端。　　1.实习效果不显著。由于缺乏具体的酒店管理与酒店工作技能操作经验，学生还不能灵活应用所学酒店的专业学科理论知识，这在一定程度上影响了实习成绩和实习效果。除此之外，实习单位对实习生的态度也在很大程度上影响着实习效果。　　2.主观能动性不高。在统教育观念的影响下，酒店管理专业的在校学生接收教育的方式多半是被动的，学习课程均为专业教学计划安排的课程，实习岗位也以酒店安排为准，缺乏轮岗换岗与接触企业核心技术岗位的机会。在这种情况下，学生一方面不能全面学习各个岗位的知识要领，另一方面也不能发挥学习主体的积极性与主观能动性。此外，实习生在实习期间的工作时间、岗位安排、工资待遇等问题均由学校统一安排，学生自身的主动协调、沟通机会也很少。　　3.协调监督机制不健全。目前在学生顶岗实习期间，对相应接收单位、学校和学生的相应权利义务没有明确的说明与规定，对接收实习生的酒店来说也缺乏合理的利益补偿机制。因此，常常出现合作协议缺乏规范文件以及履行协议缺乏监督协调、合作成效缺乏评估、评估结果也缺乏改进措施等现象，这使得实习生权益与实习的质量难以得到保证。　　二、酒店管理专业顶岗实习对策　　顶岗实习对于酒店管理专业学生的培养是必不可少的环节，顶岗实习的质量极大的影响着学生的学习成绩与实践能力。因此，本文针对目前酒店管理专业顶岗实习中出现的各种问题与挑战提出相应的解决方案，进而促进顶岗实习的水平与效果，促进酒店管理综合型人才的培养。　　1.深化教学改革，为顶岗实习做好准备工作。对高等职业院校而言，应充分发挥校的积极性与主动性，与酒店建立良好共赢的合作关系，为实习生提供稳定的实习基地、足够的实习时间及全方面有效的指导。首先，高等职业院校要全面落实高职学生学习期间顶岗实习的时间要求（半年），与合作酒店一起加强针对岗位任职需要的技能培训，大力提升毕业生的操作水平，提高学生综合素质与竞争力；其次，积极调整专业发展的方向，加强与其他高职院校相关专业和企业的互动、协作，创建教学资源共享机制，积极争取专业教师、企业技术能手、行业专家顾问的指导，以弥补本校本专业在师资、教学条件上的不足；最后，高等职业院校要加强和企业在顶岗实习、教学方案设计与实施、指导教师配备、协同管理等方面的合作，确保实习效果、训练水平和实习安全。　　2.积极转变态度，为顶岗实习创造良好环境。一方面，接收企业要提高认识。明确校企合作对企业科技创新、开发人力资源的重要意义，明确以实习生的角度审视和观察能够帮助企业发现潜存的问题，有利于企业成长与发展；要把接收实习生看做一项生产性投资，针对不同专业有效安排实习岗位，将企业发展与对人才真实需求结合起来，提高实习生对技能培养与就业需求关系的认识。只有当企业积极主动地参与到高等职业院校的人才培养教学工作计划，学生才能够在校企合作、顶岗实习的过程中，掌握实践技能、接触最新技术，为日后走上工作岗位作好准备。另一方面，企业要提高自身的校企合作能力。一是要把职业教育的育人功能融入到企业的价值链中，在创造经济效益的同时，主动承担为社会培养高技能应用型人才的责任；二是企业要努力提高其科研创新能力、研发能力和校企合作的能力，尤其是中小企业要依托高等职业院校的技术优势和人才优势，积极开展校企合作、工学结合、顶岗实习人才培养模式，在双方的合作中提高企业的竞争力。　　3.加强政策支持，为顶岗实习提供坚实保障。一方面，为了进一步促进高等职业院校顶岗实习的发展，政府应从宏观和微观层面对顶岗实习提出政策性意见，为高等职业院校的发展指明方向，加强对校企合作教育的支持力度，并通过立法、政府补贴等形式积极为高等职业院校与企事业的合作做出努力。另一方面，为了使顶岗实习这一人才培养模式更加有效的开展，各级地方政府和教育职能部门要贯彻落实国家对职业教育发展制定的方针与政策，制定具有操作性的政策措施，以形成促进顶岗实习发展、保障发展并逐步制度化的机制。　　三、结语　　高等职业院校只有加强顶岗实习的教育与管理，全面做实顶岗实习教育教学环节，才能切实有效推进工学结合、校企合作教育人才培养模式，确保高等职业院校人才培养的质量。通过顶岗实习，高等职业院校与实习单位紧密合作，结成互助合作的关系，推动教学与实践一体化、理论与实践一体化的形成和发展，从而使高等职业院校与实习单位都能从中获得益处，实现互利共赢。　　高等职业教育人才培养的目标是与市场紧密结合的、动态的、不断变化的过程，因此，如何在具体实施过程中达到更好的效果，并制定一套行之有效的方案，缩短高等职业教育与就业的距离，使顶岗实习这一人才培养模式能够让知识学习和技能培训更贴近实际，提高学生对社会的适应力和就业竞争力，是值得我们探讨和深思的，也是有待于笔者日后进一步研究和改善的。　　　　参考文献：　　[1]哈卫东.高职酒店管理专业顶岗实习解析[J].新疆职业大学学报，2010，(4):63-65.　　[2]徐卫萍.高职酒店管理专业集中安排学生实习的利弊分析[J].扬州教育学院学报，2010，(1):58-61.　　[3]殷开明.高职酒店管理专业校外实习酒店的选择[J].职业教育研究，2010，(1):116-117.　　[4]许莲.高职酒店管理专业学生实习存在问题之我见[J].佳木斯教育学院学报，2010，(6):268-269.　　[5]马瑞.高职院校酒店管理专业学生实习问题分析及对策初探[J].顺德职业技术学院学报，2006，(2):79-81.　　[6]林红梅.高职院校旅游与酒店管理专业实习管理问题分析及对策探索[J].广东农工商职业技术学院学报，2005，(3):46-49.　　[7]逯铮，张海波.高职院校学生顶岗实习存在的问题及对策——以酒店管理专业实习为例[J].河南职业技术师范学院学报:职业　　 教育版，2009，(6):48-50.　　[8]黄蔚红.论高职酒店管理专业工学结合创新实习管理[J].科技信息，2009，(19).　　[9]刘勇.浅谈高职酒店管理专业实习过程的管理[J].才智，2009，(20):239-240.　　[10]吴志成.谈谈如何有效组织高职酒店管理专业学生毕业实习[J].北京市经济管理干部学院学报，2007，(1):61-63. Building industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to a city four modernizations three more of development thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the scratch project is economic, grasping development project is to hold philosophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the Countys gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County #8226; Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named top ten most influential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape. Develop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting three-year difference campaign, battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Task 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural Building industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to a city four modernizations three more of development thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the scratch project is economic, grasping development project is to hold philosophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the Countys gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County #8226; Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named top ten most influential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape. Develop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting three-year difference campaign, battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Task 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, change, urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the citys first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the Countys industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the Countys new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, one-stop reception, one-stop service, the simplified procedures, the time limit originally. In the management of EIA in accordance with the development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, change, urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the citys first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the Countys industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the Countys new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, one-stop reception, one-stop service, the simplified procedures, the time limit originally. In the management of EIA in accordance with the Building industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to a city four modernizations three more of development thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the scratch project is economic, grasping development project is to hold philosophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the Countys gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County #8226; Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named top ten most influential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape. Develop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting three-year difference campaign, battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Task 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, change, urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the citys first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the Countys industrial packaged bundles, overall public